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Banyak yang percaya nanoteknologi mampu
menyembuhkan sebagian besar penyakit medis pada
manusia. Memang aplikasi sebagian besar inovasi
di nanoteknologi saat ini hanya bersifat
spekulatif dan teoritis, tapi sudah banyak juga
yang menjadi aplikasi praktis. Tabung nano
karbon, molekul karbon berbentuk pipa yang
berstruktur unik serta punya sifat-sifat yang
dimiliki arus listrik adalah salah satu
contohnya.
Tabung nano karbon sudah diaplikasikan pada
layar beresolusi tinggi dan memperkuat
materi-materi di bidang industri. Aplikasi
praktis nanoteknologi terkini yang lainnya
adalah untuk menciptakan baju anti-noda. Nah,
itulah beberapa contoh kegunaan nanoteknologi
masa kini.
Sumber:
http://id.shvoong.com/exact-sciences/1810912-nanoteknologi/
===============
[ITB] Nanotechnology
Mikrajuddin Abdullah
Thu, 06 Jul 2000 06:31:04 -0700
Perkembangan teknologi yang berbasis
microscaled, seperti mikroelektronika,telah
menghasilkan
kemajuan peradaban seperti yang kita rasakan
sekarang.
Namun, mayoritas orang berpendapat bahwa
teknologi mikroelektronika sudah sampai pada
tingkat saturasi. Tidak ada lagi
kemajuan-kemajuan berarti yang akan dicapai.
Peluang mereduksi ukuran komponen-komponen
mikroelektronika untuk meningkatkan densitas
komponen dalam satu chip makin pupus.
Dalam menikmati sisa-sisa kejayaan teknologi
mikro, program besar-besaran tengah dikembangkan
untuk mewujudkan teknologi yang berukuran seribu
kali lebih mini. "Nanotechnology" saat ini
sedang
menggema di seluruh dunia.
Dalam pidato di Caltech bulan Januari lalu,
Presiden Clinton mencanangkan program yang
bernama National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)
mulai tahun 2000 ini untuk merealisakian
teknologi yang berbasis nano paling cepat tahun
2020.
Namanya, mengingatkan kita pada program "gila"
SDI (Space? Defensive Initiative) yang
diluncurkan Presiden Reagen selama perang dingin
dalam usaha membangun senjata anti rudal.
Negara-negara maju lain seperti Jepang dan
negara-negara Eropa juga sudah meninggalkan
garis start dalam mengembangkan program yang
sama.
Yang cukup unik, Nanotechnology adalah bidang
yang paling interdisipliner karena orang fisika,
kimia, bilogi, teknik bekerja (dan kelihatannya
harus bekerja) bersama-sama. Karena ukuran yang
dipakai hanya sekitar sepuluhan kali ukuran
atom, maka teori kuantum menjadi bidang yang
wajib dipahami
oleh orang yang mau bekerja di bidang ini. Ini
berbeda cukup signifikan ketika kita bekerja di
teknologi mikroelektronika, di mana teori-teori
fisika klasik masih cukup dominan dipakai.
Bagi kita mungkin akan kesulitan untuk
berkontribusi, karena alat-alat yang dipakai
untuk riset tergolong alat-alat yang super mahal
untuk ukuran kita.
Dalam teknologi mikroelektronika yang mulai
berkembang sejak PD II yang kerumitannya "lebih
rendah" dari nanotechnology kita sudah kewalahan
untuk merealisasikannya. Bagaimana dengan
nanotechnology?
Berikut ini ada satu review singkat tentang
Nanotechnology
yang dimuat di majalah Nature, 15 Juni 2000.
Mikra
"..................
Nanotechnology, fast becoming a
three-trillion-dollar industry, is about to
revolutionize our world. Unfortunately, hardly
anyone is stopping to ask whether it's safe.
For an industry that trades in the very, very
small, projections about the potential scope of
nanotechnology are gigantic. Estimates are that
the industry will grow at a staggering pace in
its first decade, reaching close to $3 trillion
globally by 2014.
The National Nanotechnology Initiative, created
by President Bill Clinton in 2000, has called it
"the next industrial revolution." Enthusiasts
say that nanotechnology may someday enable
scientists to build objects from the atom up,
leading to entirely new replacement parts for
failing bodies and minds. It may enable
engineers to make things that never existed
before, creating nanosize "carpenters" that can
be programmed to construct anything, atom by
atom -- including themselves. Or it may make
things disappear, with nanowires that get draped
around an object in a way that makes the whole
package invisible to the naked eye.
As difficult as it is to comprehend how huge is
the promise of nanotechnology, it's just as hard
to wrap your head around just how tiny "nano"
is. A nanometer is defined as one billionth of a
meter, but what does that mean? The analogies
are mind-boggling but not necessarily
enlightening. Hearing how small things are when
you're working at the nano level doesn't help
you visualize anything, exactly; all it does is
make you sit back and say, "Wow." If you think
of a meter as the earth, goes one analogy, then
a nanometer would be a marble. If you think of a
meter as the distance from the earth to the sun,
then a nanometer would be the length of a
football field. A nanometer is one
hundred-thousandth the width of a human hair. Or
it is, in a particularly kinetic description,
the length that a man's beard will grow in the
time it takes him to lift a razor to his face.
"Things get complex down there, in terms of the
physics and the chemistry," says Andrew Maynard,
chief science adviser for the Project on
Emerging Nanotechnologies, established in 2005
at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for
Scholars in Washington, D.C., in partnership
with the Pew Charitable Trust. "When you have
small blocks of stuff, they behave differently
than when you have large blocks of stuff."
At the nano level, some compounds shift from
inert to active, from electrical insulators to
conductors, from fragile to tough. They can
become stronger, lighter, more resilient. These
transformed properties are what account for the
infinite potential applications of
nanoparticles, defined as anything less than
about 100 nanometers in diameter.
The field is a textbook example of exponential
growth. According to Lux Research, an
emerging-technologies research and advisory firm
based in New York that has tracked the industry
since 2001, the total value of all products
worldwide that incorporated nanotechnology was
$13 billion in 2004. That figure grew to $32
billion in 2005 and to $50 billion in 2006, and
Lux Research projects it will reach $2.6
trillion by 2014.
Nanotechnology holds great potential for
improving our lives. It might benefit the
environment, for instance, by reducing our
dependence on oil through the creation of a new
power grid based on carbon nanotubes -- which
can carry up to 1,000 times as much electricity
as copper wiring without throwing off heat --
and solar energy farms that use thin, cheap,
flexible nano-engineered solar panels.
Nanostructures offer better options for
rechargeable batteries, for instance, including
the ones to be used in the next generation of
hybrid cars. One such battery, made with
nanostructured lithium-iron- phosphate
electrodes, is smaller and lighter, less
environmentally toxic, and can hold more energy,
take a charge more quickly, and maintain a
charge longer than conventional lithium
batteries, according to Michael Holman, a senior
analyst with Lux Research. "It's not the
compound itself that's nanoscale, but the
surface of the material," Holman says. The
surface of the battery electrode contains
nanosize bumps and ridges, "which make the
surface area much higher, allowing the electrons
to flow in and out of it more quickly."
In the medical field, nanotechnology is expected
to lead to dozens of innovations: new methods of
cancer treatment that deliver chemotherapy
directly to the tumor, earlier cancer detection
using nanowires that can spot derangements in
just a few protein cells, new methods of blood
vessel grafting during heart surgery using
nanoglue formed from nanospheres of silica
coated in gold.
In cancer treatment, one application involves
gold nanoshells: gold-coated glass spheres no
more than 100 nanometers in diameter. These
nanoshells enter tumors by slipping through tiny
gaps in blood vessels that feed the malignancy.
Once enough nanoshells accumulate in the tumor,
scientists shine a near-infrared laser through
the skin, heating up the gold particles and
burning away the cancer. This technique,
developed at the University of Texas Health
Science Center, has worked in animal experiments
and is about to be used in humans.
However, the real impact of nanotechnology, at
least in the short term, will not be at the
dramatic level of cancer cures or a new energy
grid. For now, the technology will have to prove
itself in the more mundane arena of commerce:
washing machines that fight germs, antiseptic
computer keyboards and kitchen utensils,
windshields that repel the rain, sunscreens that
rub on easily and block the full spectrum of
ultraviolet rays.
Nanoparticles are being put into stain-resistant
clothing (Haggar NanoTex pants with NANO-PEL),
super light tennis rackets (Wilson nCode),
antiwrinkle face creams (Lancôme Rénergie
Microlift), sunscreens (Blue Lizard), computer
peripherals (IOGEAR), and a wall paint made by
an Australian company, Nanovations, that says
the paint can "achieve better energy ratings for
buildings, better indoor air quality and fewer
allergy-related illnesses."
But before we hurtle off toward a nano-utopia,
we need to step back and ask ourselves whether
this is a direction in which we really want to
go.
When an industry grows this quickly, there may
be neither the time nor the inclination to ask
some tough questions about possible risks. First
of all, there are the health and environmental
hazards. Would nanotechnology bring unacceptable
risks to workers making these materials or
consumers who use the final products? Would it
affect air or water quality near where the
nanomaterials are dispersed? Very little is
known about nanotoxicology, which might be very
different from the toxicology of the same
materials at normal scale (see "Smaller Is
Weirder").
Then there are the social, even existential,
consequences. If the hype about nanotechnology
contains even a smattering of truth, the
technique could shake up our most basic
assumptions about our place in the universe,
turning us from its residents to the architects
of its most fundamental elements. Might that act
of hubris somehow subvert us as a species?
Continued................."
http://www.onearth.org/article/our-silver-coated-future?gclid=CMKM7tGDqZQCFRYFewodA2rItw
========================================
What is Nanotechnology..?
Nanotechnology originates from the Greek word
meaning “dwarf”. A nanometre is one billionth
(10 -9) of a metre, which is tiny, only the
length of ten hydrogen atoms, or about one
hundred thousandth of the width of a hair!
Although scientists have manipulated matter at
the nanoscale for centuries, calling it physics
or chemistry, it was not until a new generation
of microscopes were invented in the nineteen
eighties in IBM, Switzerland that the world of
atoms and molecules could be visualized and
managed.
In simple terms, nanotechnology can be defined
as ‘engineering at a very small scale’, and this
term can be applied to many areas of research
and development – from medicine to manufacturing
to computing, and even to textiles and
cosmetics. It can be difficult to imagine
exactly how this greater understanding of the
world of atoms and molecules has and will affect
the everyday objects we see around us, but some
of the areas where nanotechnologies are set to
make a difference are described below.
From Micro to Nano
Nanotechnology, in one sense, is the natural
continuation of the miniaturization revolution
that we have witnessed over the last decade,
where millionth of a metre (10 -6m) tolerances
(microengineering) became commonplace, for
example, in the automotive and aerospace
industries enabling the construction of higher
quality and safer vehicles and planes. It was
the computer industry that kept on pushing the
limits of miniaturization, and many electronic
devices we see today have nano features that owe
their origins to the computer industry – such as
cameras, CD and DVD players, car airbag pressure
sensors and inkjet printers.
New applications
Because of the opportunities nanotechnology
offers in creating new features and functions,
it is already providing the solutions to many
long-standing medical, social and environmental
problems. Because of its potential,
nanotechnology is of global interest. It is
attracting more public funding than any other
area of technology, estimated at 3.8 billion
euros worldwide in 2005. It is also the one area
of research that is truly multidisciplinary. The
contribution of nanotechnology to new products
and processes cannot be made in isolation and
requires a team effort, which may include life
scientists – biologists and biochemists -
working with physicists, chemists and
information technology experts.
Consider the development of a new cochlear
implant, and what that might require - at least
a physiologist, an electronic engineer, a
mechanical engineer and a biomaterials expert.
This kind of teamwork is essential, not only for
a cochlear implant, but for any new, nano-based
product whether it is a scratch-resistant lens
or a new soap powder.
Nano scientists are now enthusiastically
examining how the living world ‘works’ in order
to find solutions to problems in the
'non-living' world. The way marine organisms
build strength into their shells has lessons in
how to engineer new lightweight, tough materials
for cars; the way a leaf photosynthesizes can
lead to techniques for efficiently generating
renewable energy; even how a nettle delivers its
sting can suggest better vaccination techniques.
These ideas are all leading to what is termed
‘disruptive’ solutions, when the old ways of
making things are completely overtaken and
discarded, in much the same way as a DVD has
taken over from videotape, or a flat screen
display from a cathode ray tube.
Next >>
http://www.nano.org.uk/whatis.htm
========================
Nanotechnology today is
growing
Nanotechnology today is growing very rapidly and
has infinite applications in almost everything
we do. The medicine we take, food we eat,
chemicals we use, car we drive and much much
more.
mknano offers large variety of nano products in
various forms as mentioned below. We offer many
nano powders at very affordable prices.
Material Formats:
Atomic & Molecular Clusters, Buckyballs &
Fullerenes, Bulk Nanostructured Metals, Magnetic
Nanoparticles / Magnetic Nanostructures,
Nanobelts, Nanolubricant Powders, Nanocrystals &
Nanopowders, NanoFillers / NanoAdditives,
Nanoparticles / Nanopowders, Nanoparticale
Dispersions, Nanorods, Nanosponge Abrasives,
Nano Tubes, Nanowires, Quantum Dots / Nano Dots,
Reactive Electro Exploded Nano Powders.
Carbon Nanotubes:
Single wall (SWNT), Double wall (DWNT),
Multiwall (MWNT),
(alligned/tangled/dispersable), OH, COOH
Functionalized SWNT/MWNT, Industrial Grade
SWCNTs, MWCNTs, Conducting (Metallic) and
Semiconducting SWCNTs, MWCNT Nonwoven Papers,
CNT Foam, Special application CNTs.
Other Nanotubes (Metals, Compounds, and
Oxides/Hyroxides)
Quantum Dots:
Cadmium Mercury Telluride (CdHgTe), Cadmium
Selenide (CdSe), Cadmium Selenide/Zinc Sulfide
(CdSe/ZnS), Cadmium Sulfide (CdS), Cadmium
Telluride (CdTe), Cadmium Telluride/Cadmium
Sulfide (CdTe/CdS), Lead Selenide (PbSe), Lead
Sulfide (PbS)
Nano Dry Lubricant Powders:
Tungsten Disulfide (WS2), Molybdenum Disulfide
(MoS2), Hex-Boron Nitride (hBN), Graphite,
Specially formulated Nano Lubricant Additive
Powders to improve lubricity and save energy.
Nano Powders:
Alumina
Aluminum
Aluminum nitride
Aluminum oxide
Antimony pentoxide
Antimony tin oxide
Brass
Calcium carbonate
Calcium chloride
Calcium oxide
Carbon black
Cerium
Cerium oxide
Cobalt
Cobalt oxide
Copper
Copper oxide
Gold
Hastelloy
Hematite
Indium
Indium tin oxide
Iron
Iron-cobalt alloy
Iron-nickel alloy
Iron oxide
Iron oxide, transparent
Iron sulphide
Lanthanum
Lead sulphide
Lithium manganese-oxide
Lithium titanate
Lithium vanadium-
oxide
Magnesia
Magnesium
Magnesium oxide
Magnetite
Manganese oxide
Molybdenum
Molybdenum oxide
Montmorillonite-clay
Nickel
Niobia
Niobium
Niobium oxide
Silicon carbide
Silicon dioxide
Silicon nitride
Silicon nitride-
Yttrium oxide
Silicon nitride-
Yttrium oxide-
Aluminum oxide
Silver
Stainless steel
Talc
Tantalum
Tin
Tin oxide
Titania
Titanium
Titanium diboride
Titanium dioxide
Tungsten
Tungsten carbide-cobalt
Tungsten oxide
Vanadium oxide
Yttria
Yttrium
Yttrium oxide
Zinc
Zinc oxide
Zirconium
Zirconium oxide
Zirconium silicate
Elements:
Ag; Al; Au; B; C (diamond); C (Graphite); Co;
Cr; Cu; Fe; Mn; Mo Ni; Sn; Si; Ti; TiH2; W; Zn
Compounds:
AlN; B4C; BN (hexagonal/cubic); B3N4 (hex.);
CaS; CrB; Cr3C2; CrN; FeS; GaN (spher.); GaP;
HgI2; InP; LaB6; Mo2B; Mo2C; MoS2; NbC; NbN;
PbS; SiC; Si3(C0.5N0.5)4; Si3N4; TaC; TaN; TiB;
TiC; TiC0.8N0.2; TiC0.7N0.3; TiC0.5N0.5; TiN;
VC; VN; WB; WC; WC/Co; WN; ZnS; ZrB2; ZrC; ZrN
Single Metal Oxides:
Al2O3; Al(OH)3; B2O3; Bi2O3; CeO2; CoO; Co3O4;
CrO3; Cr2O3; CuO; Dy2O3; Er2O3; Eu2O3; Fe2O3;
Fe3O4; Gd2O3; HfO2; In2O3; In(OH)3; La2O3; MgO;
Mg(OH)2; Mn2O3; Mn3O4; MoO3; Nd2O3; NiO; Ni2O3;
PbO; Pr6O11; Sb2O3; SiO2; Sm2O3; SnO2; Tb4O7;
TiO2 (anatase/rutile); VO; V2O3; V2O5; WO3;
Y2O3; ZnO; ZrO2
Multielement Oxides:
BaCO3; BaFe12O19; BaSO4; BaTiO3; CaCO3;
Ca5(PO4)F; CoFe2O4; CuFe2O4; MgAl2O4; MgFe2O4;
Li4Ti5O12; NiFe2O4; In2O3:SnO2; Li2CO3; LiCoO2;
LiMn2O4; SrAl12O19; SrAl12O19; SrCO4; SrFe12O19;
SrTiO3; Y3Al5O12 ZnFe2O4
Nanoparticle Dispersions:
Nanoparticle dispersions are available in water,
2-Propanol, Toluene, Ethylene Glycol etc.
Element Nanoparticle Dispersions:
Carbon (Nanodiamond), Carbon (Carbon nanotubes),
Cobalt, Copper, Gold, Iron, Platinum, Silicon,
Silver, Titanium
Oxide Nanoparticle Dispersions:
Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3), Iron Oxide (Red,
Yellow), Silicon Oxide (SiO2), Titanium Dioxide
(TiO2) Anatase/Rutile, Zinc Oxide (ZnO)
Rare Earth Oxide (REO) Nanoparticle
Dispersions:
CeO2, Dy2O3, Er2O3, Gd2O3, Ho2O3, Sm2O3, Y2O3,
ZrO2
http://www.mknano.com/?gclid=CJu6hLruqJQCFRYYewodeVrSUQ
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